Marine Engineering Applications of Seismic and Side-Scan Sonar

Abstract

Underwater sound varying from low to high frequencies is used in many engineering applications in the marine environment. The sound devices that have been used are the following: (1) broad, low-frequency devices such as the sparker and boomer; (2) discrete low-frequency devices; (3) precision depth sounders; and (4) side-scan sonar. The board, low-frequency devices such as the sparker and boomer are used in applications requiring penetration of sound into the sea floor to give a continuous profile picture of the subsurface geology. The discrete low-frequency devices are also used in this application although penetrations are generally not as great. Depth sounders are employed for precision hydrographic studies. The side-scan sonar extends depth sounding from a two-dimensional profile to a three-dimensional presentation. A broad sea floor coverage is provided, which enables the sonar data to be used similarly to aerial photos over land. Examples of records and applications of the above systems are given.