Abstract
Since the discovery of penicillin, Penicillium has become one of the most attractive fungal genera for the production of bioactive molecules. Marine-derived Penicillium has provided numerous excellent pharmaceutical leads over the past decades. In this review, we focused on the cytotoxic metabolites * (* Cytotoxic potency was referred to five different levels in this review, extraordinary (IC50/LD50: <1 μM or 0.5 μg/mL); significant (IC50/LD50: 1~10 μM or 0.5~5 μg/mL); moderate (IC50/LD50: 10~30 μM or 5~15 μg/mL); mild (IC50/LD50: 30~50 μM or 15~25 μg/mL); weak (IC50/LD50: 50~100 μM or 25~50 μg/mL). The comparative potencies of positive controls were referred when they were available). produced by marine-derived Penicillium species, and on their cytotoxicity mechanisms, biosyntheses, and chemical syntheses.
Highlights
The oceans, which occupy more than 70% of the earth’s surface, undoubtedly support vast habitats and serve as prolific resources of various living organisms
Ligerin (132), a natural chlorinated merosesquiterpene related to fumagillin, was obtained from a marine-derived Penicillium sp., and showed selective in vitro antiproliferative activity against osteosarcoma cell lines (IC50 = 117 nM against POS1 cells, which is 20 times greater than the IC50 in other cancer cell lines), while doxorubicin was used as a positive control with IC50 values of 0.04~2 μM [84]
The rapid development of marine biotechnology and ever increasing needs of industrial applications resulted in the emergence of marine natural products as alternative drug sources in the early 1990s [146]
Summary
The oceans, which occupy more than 70% of the earth’s surface, undoubtedly support vast habitats and serve as prolific resources of various living organisms. Marine-derived fungi are excellent producers of biologically active secondary metabolites. Marine microorganisms produce limited amounts of highly efficient toxic substances to protect their hosts from enemies, and these substances have been investigated as potential anticancer drug precursors. Marine-derived Penicillium species represent a major source of cytotoxic metabolites. We list all cytotoxic or antitumor secondary metabolites isolated from marine-derived Penicillium species and classify them into distinct chemical groups. Alkaloids macrocyclic ring, have been shown to possess potential cytotoxicity against diverse tumor cell lines. Cytoglobosins are common classes cytochalasan to aPenochalasins, macrocyclic ring,chaetoglobosins, have been shown to possess potential cytotoxicity against diverseof tumor cell alkaloids. Penochalasin I (9) exhibited significant cytotoxic activities against MDAdrug for CLL [9]. Penochalasin I (9) exhibited significant cytotoxic activities against MDA-MB-435.
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
