Marine debris in three species of bivalve from two big fish markets in Indonesia

Abstract

Bivalves can accumulate various particles, including micro debris. Unfortunately, no study has been recorded the marine debris on the consumed bivalves. We aimed to investigate marine debris in Perna viridis, Andara granosa, and Marcia hiantina from major fish market at Jakarta and Makassar. Ten individual tissues for each species were taken and added with H2O2 with a concentration of 50% then the solution was placed in a thermoshaker at 60°C to accelerate the dissolution process. Concentrated NaCl was added for the flotation process then extracted using a vacuum system with 102 Ø11.0 cm Whattman filter paper. Particles were observed with a stereo microscope and then clarified using FTIR microscope to determine the type of polymer. The abundance of microdebris in specimens from Jakarta showed a higher number of particles with a range of 8.90 particles/individual to 12.60 particles/individual. Meanwhile, the specimens from Makassar had a lower number of particles range from 3.90 particles/individual to 8.90 particles/individual. Consistently, the highest number of microdebris particles was found in P. viridis. Plastopal/Epoxy resin was detected as a type of polymer from several clarified samples. We recorded that the three bivalves differently accumulated microdebris in number and types.