Abstract
This review focuses on the expanding role of marine collagen (MC)-based scaffolds for biomedical applications. A scaffold—a three-dimensional (3D) structure fabricated from biomaterials—is a key supporting element for cell attachment, growth, and maintenance in 3D cell culture and tissue engineering. The mechanical and biological properties of the scaffolds influence cell morphology, behavior, and function. MC, collagen derived from marine organisms, offers advantages over mammalian collagen due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, easy extractability, water solubility, safety, low immunogenicity, and low production costs. In recent years, the use of MC as an increasingly valuable scaffold biomaterial has drawn considerable attention from biomedical researchers. The characteristics, isolation, physical, and biochemical properties of MC are discussed as an understanding of MC in optimizing the subsequent modification and the chemistries behind important tissue engineering applications. The latest technologies behind scaffold processing are assessed and the biomedical applications of MC and MC-based scaffolds, including tissue engineering and regeneration, wound dressing, drug delivery, and therapeutic approach for diseases, especially those associated with metabolic disturbances such as obesity and diabetes, are discussed. Despite all the challenges, MC holds great promise as a biomaterial for developing medical products and therapeutics.
Highlights
Collagen, a biological macromolecule constituting 25% to 35% of protein in the human body, is the single most abundant mammalian protein and the key structural fibrous protein of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of biological tissues, in both invertebrate and vertebrate organisms [1,2]
This study reported an improved synthesis of collagen and ECM components via an enhanced expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and basic fibroblast growth factor, respectively, and alleviation of inflammation by upregulation of the expression of cluster differentiation 31 (CD31), following the administration of marine collagen peptides (MCP), demonstrating its wound healing potential
A bioactive marine collagen (MC)/polycaprolactone composite nanofibrous scaffold was fabricated via electrospinning for 3D cell culture of mouse thymic cortical epithelial reticular cells and this scaffold was shown to facilitate cell adhesion, spreading, protrusions, and proliferation, and to stimulate the expression of genes and proteins involved in cell adhesion and T-cell development, suggesting that the scaffold has applicability in epithelial tissue or lymphoid tissue engineering [153]
Summary
A biological macromolecule constituting 25% to 35% of protein in the human body, is the single most abundant mammalian protein and the key structural fibrous protein of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of biological tissues, in both invertebrate and vertebrate organisms [1,2]. Drugs 2019, 17, x (3D) architecture of woven fiber networks by self-aggregation and cross-linking These networks resist tensile stress in multiple directions growth and [5]. Commercial biological properties makepharmaceutical, it a nearly idealand choice as a biomaterial for cosmetic, pharmaceutical, collagen has been traditionally extracted mainly from terrestrial mammals, such asextracted cattle and pigs, and biotechnological applications [5,8]. The food, cosmetic, outbreaks of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), transmissible spongiform encephalopathy pharmaceutical, and biomedical industries. MC has attracted much attention as a mammalian collagen substitute, from cosmetic, food, and nutraceutical industries [14,15,16]. The various beneficial characteristics of are biomedical researchers to the cosmetic, food, and nutraceutical industries [14,15,16]. The latest applications of MC-based scaffolds are discussed in detail
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