Marine Brevibacterium aureum Extract and Its Constituent’s Saphenic Acid a Derivative of 1-phenazinecarboxylic Acid (Tubermycin B), Initiate Apoptosis via Inhibition of NF-κB and MAPK Expression

Abstract

In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of marine Brevibacterium aureum and its major constituent’s saphenic acid a derivative of 1-phenazinecarboxylic acid on induction of inducible pro-inflammatory cytokines, in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages cells. The marine samples were collected and tested for its anti-cancer activity using MTT assay protocols. The effects of saphenic acid on macrophages was tested by AO/EB staining, cell cycle, and tunnel assay. The expression of pro-inflammatory mediators in macrophages was evaluated with western blot. The inhibitory effects of saphenic acid on the activation of signalling pathways in macrophages were evaluated by western blot analysis. The strain identified as Brevibacterium aeureum species exhibit potential in vitro cytotoxicity on MCF-7, HeLa and HCT-116 showed optimal anticancer activity when compared to standard. Its major constituent’s saphenic acid significantly suppressed levels of expression of LPS-induced NF-κB and phosphorylation of MAPKs (ERK1/2, JNK, and p38). Collectively, data from this study suggest that B. aureum and its major fraction saphenic acid have the potency of anticancer activities, which is effected via inhibition of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways, and thus holds promise for treatment of inflammatory disease.