Abstract
Marine organisms are constituted of compounds with several properties and characteristics. In the last decade lot of biomaterials like various types of polymers and bioactive ingredients have been identified, isolated, and characterized. These biomaterials have a vast range of applications in the medical sector including controlled drug delivery, tissue engineering, and diagnostic device etc. In this chapter, biomaterials have been defined and classified in general, followed by an account of mainly various polymers like collagen, chitin, chitosan, chondroitin sulfate, hyaluronic acid, alginate, biosilica, calcium carbonate and phosphate. Their structure, source, and application in the medical field have been discussed. A brief account of bioactive compounds as therapeutic agents has also been given. Marine biomaterials are also emerging as promising materials for the development of biosensors for medical diagnostics. This chapter also discusses biosensors and the role of biomaterials from marine origin in the development of biosensors for medical diagnostics. The chapter concludes with the scopes of the biomaterials in near future.
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