Abstract
Tha Wang coast in Sichang island, Chonburi province, Thailand, serves a major pier, cargo transportation and is populated with anthropogenic activities. Hence, monitoring of environmental status, in part by microbial diversity, is essential. Previously, the coastal marine microbiota of this area in a dry season (February 2011) had been reported, but the database for a wet season is none. As marine microbiota in several sites were reported fluctuate between dry and wet seasons, specifically in the 2011 that one of the largest flood in Thailand history even occurred from July 2011 to January 2012; the present study thereby first revealed the coastal Sichang water microbiota in the 2011 wet season (July 2011) using metagenomic derived 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Wet and dry seasons showed differences in prokaryotic community richness and evenness: community similarity indices by Jaccard, Lennon, and Yue & Clayton were 2.06-58.28%. This resulted in differences in metabolic potentials, for instances the lower metabolisms for energy and nutrient cycling but the greater in pathogenesis in wet season. Our data were also compared against the flooding water microbiota nearby to Chonburi province to observe any possible correlation; and the coastal Sichang was found distinct given diverse sources of flooding water and local contamination might affect the diversity. In conclusion, this wet-season microbiota supported the better knowledge on the seasonal microbiota of coastal Sichang island.
Highlights
Sichang island, Chonburi province, Thailand, situates around an equator, within 23.5 degree north and 23.5 degree south, of the upper Gulf of Thailand, and comprises two coasts
Tha Wang (TW) has rather close bay geography surrounding by the mainland of Thailand and two islands named Khaam Yai and Prong islands; and minimal water circulation compared with Tham Phang (TP)
Temperature of coastal water of TW-wet and TP-wet were roughly equal as the two sites are only 0.010◦ latitude and 0.012◦ longitude apart (Supplementary Table S1)
Summary
Chonburi province, Thailand, situates around an equator, within 23.5 degree north and 23.5 degree south, of the upper Gulf of Thailand, and comprises two coasts. More organic and non-organic wastes (e.g., glass bottles, plastics, biodegradable garbage, metals and hazardous materials) were reported at TW than TP (Piyatiratitivorakul and Rungsupa, personal communications and unpublished data; Chantanawisuti et al, 1996) Associated with these different coastal characteristics, Somboonna et al (2012) reported dissimilar coastal marine microbial population structures between TW. This study thereby described the Sichang coastal water microbiota in one period (July 2011) in a wet season of TW and TP (abbreviated TW-wet and TP-wet), and compared with our previous reports of dry season of TW and TP (abbreviated TW and TP) of the same corresponding year and analysis methods, metagenomics derived 16S rRNA gene sequencing (Somboonna et al, 2012)
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