Abstract
The course of investigations of bioactive compounds like bacterial pigments from the marine environment has greatly expanded in the recent decades. Despite the huge concern in secluding and collecting marine bacteria, microbial metabolites are progressively alluring to science due to their wide ranging applications in various fields, particularly those with distinctive color pigments. This review is a short appraisal of the studies undertaken over the past 5 years on the bacterial pigments sourced from the marine environment. Herein, we have reviewed the potential of different bacterial species isolated from marine environment in diverse studies that are producing bioactive pigments that have potential commercial applications.
Highlights
Marine environments are one of the most important eco-systems of our earth that are yet to be explored to understand their full potential
Marine environments are home to a multitude of organisms ranging from whales that are to a height of a building to microorganisms that are nano-scale life forms
The marine bacteria are being explored for their production of clinically and industrially important secondary metabolites; the pigments produced by marine bacteria as a result of quorum sensing are of current interest due to their anti-microbial, anti-cancer, photoprotective, anti-parasitic, and immunosuppressive activities (Ramesh et al, 2019)
Summary
Marine environments are one of the most important eco-systems of our earth that are yet to be explored to understand their full potential. Demonstrated the production of melanin nanoparticle synthesis in bacteria within 30 min by controlling the growth of cell-free conditions by changing the salinity concentration of the medium and incubation period. This demonstrates the exciting potential of bacteria as melanin pigment factories and melanin has a broad range of usages such as anti-oxidative, anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, anti-viral properties displaying thermal resistance, radiation damage by absorption of wide range electromagnetic spectrum, and even chemical resistance (Narsing Rao et al, 2017). Vijayan et al (2017) isolated 156 sponge-associated bacteria out of which 14% displayed melanin production and its extraction from the sponge made the sponge colorless hinting the synergy between bacteria and the sponge for its photoprotective role and out of the 14% melanin-producing isolates 56% were observed to be Vibrio sp., and the remaining isolates were Providencia sp., Bacillus sp., S. algae, S. sciuri, P. maritimus, S. roseus, G. creatinolyticus; but the Vibrio sp., were selected for its high pigment production and the extracted pigment was observed for the photoprotective role from UV where highest efficiency was noted at 200 ppm displaying 65% protective effect in mouse
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