文學諷刺與文化詮釋：比較Mariano Jose de Larra 的Articulos與錢鍾書《圍城》的書寫藝術

Abstract

Mariano Jose de Larra is a Spanish romantic writer and best known for his satirical and critical essays. In his work “Articles”, which is composed with many short articles, Larra narrated what happened to him in daily life in a humorous way. Through these articles, he criticized the Spainish society and national characters, such as laziness, ignorance, bad manners, etc. Qian Zhongshu is a Chinese writer in the twentieth century. His famous satirical novel Fortress Besieged was said to be the most interesting one in Chinese contemporary literature. In this novel, Qian vividly described the reactions of chinese intellectuals when facing their problems in life, works and love. The story begins with Fang Hongjian’s coming back to China after he finished his “Ph.D” in philosophy. As the story went on, Qian used the humorous but sharp way to unmask these intellectuals’ true colors through their unwilling experience of leaving ShangHai to University of Sanlu. Although both Articles and Fortress Besieged are works of satirical literature, they are of totally different types. The former presents with a strong comedical feeling; the latter shows the sarcasm in an acrid and sharp way. This thesis are going to investigate what reasons cause the differences by analyzing forms of satirical expression used by Larra and Qian, and discussing what kind of roles their different cultures play in their writing. The thesis expounds the satirical rhetoric and the cultural interpretation of Articles and Fortress Besieged in three chapters. In Chapter 1, the researcher analyzes and compares the characters of western and eastern cultures in the spiritual life, social life and material life; in Chapter 2, the researcher introduces contents and structures of Articles and Fortress Besieged, and analyzes the satirical rhetoric that Qian and Larra used in their works through the theory of Melvilla Clark and Chang Hungyung’s reaserch; in chapter 3, the researcher organizes and analyzes all themes, and investigates what roles western and eastern cultures play in Larra and Qian’s works.