Marginal Impact of Brown Seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum and Fucus vesiculosus Extract on Metabolic and Inflammatory Response in Overweight and Obese Prediabetic Subjects.

Marlène Vodouhè,Julie Marois,Nadine Leblanc,Jean-François Bilodeau,Valérie Guay,Hélène Jacques,Stanley John Weisnagel

doi:10.3390/md20030174

Abstract

The objective of the present study was to test whether a brown seaweed extract rich in polyphenols combined with a low-calorie diet would induce additional weight loss and improve blood glucose homeostasis in association with a metabolic and inflammatory response in overweight/obese prediabetic subjects. Fifty-six overweight/obese, dysglycemic, and insulin-resistant men and women completed a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, and parallel clinical trial. Subjects were administrated 500 mg/d of either brown seaweed extract or placebo combined with individualized nutritional advice for moderate weight loss over a period of 12 weeks. Glycemic, anthropometric, blood pressure, heart rate, body composition, lipid profile, gut integrity, and oxidative and inflammatory markers were measured before and at the end of the trial. No effect was observed on blood glucose. We observed significant but small decreases in plasma C-peptide at 120 min during 2 h-OGTT (3218 ± 181 at pre-intervention vs. 2865 ± 186 pmol/L at post-intervention in the brown seaweed group; 3004 ± 199 at pre-intervention vs. 2954 ± 179 pmol/L at post-intervention in the placebo group; changes between the two groups, p = 0.002), heart rate (72 ± 10 at pre-intervention vs. 69 ± 9 (n/min) at post-intervention in the brown seaweed group; 68 ± 9 at pre-intervention vs. 68 ± 8 (n/min) at post-intervention in the placebo group; changes between the two groups, p = 0.01), and an inhibition in the increase of pro-inflammatory interleukin-6 (IL-6) (1.3 ± 0.7 at pre-intervention vs. 1.5 ± 0.7 pg/L at post-intervention in the brown seaweed group; 1.4 ± 1.1 at pre-intervention vs. 2.2 ± 1.6 pg/L at post-intervention in the placebo group; changes between the two groups, p = 0.02) following brown seaweed consumption compared with placebo in the context of moderate weight loss. Although consumption of brown seaweed extract had no effect on body weight or blood glucose, an early attenuation of the inflammatory response was observed in association with marginal changes in metabolic parameters related to the prevention of diabetes type 2.

Highlights

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.The growing prevalence of type 2 diabetes worldwide is alarming
Participants were comparable for age, body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist and hip circumferences, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, heart rate, lipid profile, fasting glycemia, and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) 2 h glycemia (Supplementary Table S1)
The main findings in this study indicate daily consumption of 500 mg of brown seaweed extract had no effect on body weight and blood glucose, our primary outcomes, but had a modest beneficial impact on insulin secretion through the Discussion of late C-peptide secretion during 2 h OGTT, heart rate and on the inhibition of the rise of IL-6 concentration in plasma compared with placebo in the context of moderate

Summary

Introduction

The growing prevalence of type 2 diabetes worldwide is alarming. Based on recent world statistics [1], 352 million adults aged from 20 to 79 years old were glucose intolerant (7.3%), and 425 million (8.8%) had type 2 diabetes in 2017 [1]. The association between the dramatic increase of the disease and the rising prevalence of obesity is often highlighted [2]. Obesity and overweight initiate several metabolic disorders [3] that include insulin resistance, which is considered to be the central feature leading to type 2 diabetes [4].

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