Abstract
The present study aimed to systematically evaluate the genetic diversity of Chinese domestic duck breeds and ensure the most effective allocation and usage of conservation funds. We first performed an analysis of DNA genetic distance in 21 duck breeds by measuring short tandem repeats. Then, we calculated the extinction probability, contribution rate, and marginal diversity for each breed. The results showed that the extinction rate of the Zhongshan duck, Guangxi duck, and Ji’an duck were the highest at 0.67, 0.59, and 0.59, respectively, and that of the Linwu duck, Jinding duck, and Gaoyou duck were the lowest at 0.15, 0.18, and 0.19, respectively. The current diversity of populations was 7.72 and the expected diversity in five hundred years is 5.14 ± 1.15. The marginal diversity of the Chinese Muscovy duck was the largest (−2.20), accounting for 42.61% of the expected diversity, followed by the Guangxi duck (−0.49, 9.44%), whereas the Jinding duck was the smallest (−0.12; 2.32%). The protection potency of the Chinese Muscovy duck was the largest (0.61), followed by Guangxi duck (0.29), whereas the Jinding duck was the smallest (0.02). This study provides a reference for determining the conservation priority of Chinese domestic duck breeds or genetic resources.
Highlights
Animal genetic resources are the basis of the sustainable development of animal husbandry[1,2], and China is one of the foremost countries in this respect, accounting for one-sixth of the world’s animal genetic resources[3,4]
principal component analysis (PCA) was performed on the gene frequencies of all alleles detected in 12 SSR seats in 21 populations
The plane distance graph constructed according to the first two principal components was shown in Fig. 1. 21 duck breeds were divided into three large groups
Summary
Animal genetic resources are the basis of the sustainable development of animal husbandry[1,2], and China is one of the foremost countries in this respect, accounting for one-sixth of the world’s animal genetic resources[3,4]. The Guping chicken, Lintao chicken, Wenshan goose, and Simao goose have all become extinct and, in total, 44 breeds are on the edge of extinction and 15 are endangered[8,9] In response to this crisis, the departments responsible for managing Chinese animal genetic resources have allocated yearly funds toward conservation efforts. The concept uses genetic and non-genetic factors to calculate a “maximum-likelihood tree”[14] and the current diversity of breeds, and estimates the expected variations in diversity over a certain time. This approach defines criteria of diversity and relies on quantitative assessments of different strategies, providing concrete reasoning for breed conservation.
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