Marangoni spreading and contracting three-component droplets on completely wetting surfaces

Abstract

SignificanceThe shape and dynamics of small sessile droplets are dictated by capillary forces. For liquid mixtures, evaporation adds spatio-temporal modulation to these forces that can either enhance or inhibit droplet spreading, depending on the direction of the resulting Marangoni flow. This work experimentally and numerically demonstrates the coexistence of two antagonistic Marangoni flows in a ternary mixture. Played against each other, they can choreograph a boomerang-like wetting motion: Droplets initially rapidly spread, then contract into a compact cap shape. While such a behavior has been impossible in wetting scenarios of simple liquids, it enables spread-retract-remove surface processing with the addition of a single small liquid volume, demonstrated here in a surface-cleaning experiment.