Abstract
Abstract The term Marangoni phenomena is given to spontaneous interfacial flows driven by interfacial tension gradients. In solvent extraction, these gradients may be originated by local changes of those variables that affect the value of the interfacial tension such as solute concentration, temperature and interfacial electrical potential. Irrespective of their cause the interfacial convection generated by these movements provides an additional component to the interfacial flux that is not included in the general theories of mass transfer. Experimental evidence of increases in interfacial fluxes of up to one order of magnitude over predicted values indicates the importance of the Marangoni phenomena contribution to the rate of solute transfer. In addition, these interfacial movements modify the hydrodynamics of the fluid layers adjacent to the interface with consequent effects on drop coalescence, jet break-up and drop drag coefficients, so that the performance of contacting equipment is not only affected through the interfacial flux but also by changes in hydrodynamic behaviour.
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