Maqāṣid Al-Sunnah Dalam Kerangka Maqāṣid Al-Sharīʿah: Analisis Konseptual

Abstract

Al-Ghazālī (d. 505 H) in his work Iḥyā ʿUlūm al-Dīn is among the earliest figures to mention the concept of Maqāṣid al-Sunnah using the term Maqāṣid al-Nubuwwah. He employs this term in elucidating the objectives behind the legislation of female circumcision, as suggested in the Hadith of Prophet Muhammad (SAW). However, it raises questions as this term has not received significant attention from classical and contemporary scholars. This is attributed to the overshadowing of the term Maqāṣid al-Sunnah by discussions on Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah, which has garnered widespread attention among both classical and contemporary scholars. The question arises: is Maqāṣid al-Sunnah a distinct and entirely new field separate from Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah, or is it a subset within the discourse of Maqāṣid al-Sunnah? Hence, this study centers on integrating Maqāṣid al-Sunnah within the framework of Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah, asserting that the Hadith of Prophet Muhammad (SAW) serves as the cornerstone in shaping Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah itself. Additionally, this study will examine the writings of classical and contemporary scholars in their use of the term Maqāṣid al-Sunnah and the contexts in which it is employed. The study employs a methodology involving the documentation of classical and contemporary works and academic articles. Furthermore, a content analysis of the gathered materials will be conducted to ensure comprehensive results. In conclusion, this study finds that Maqāṣid al-Sunnah is not a separate term or field distinct from Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah; rather, it constitutes a crucial component within Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah. Moreover, the study determines that Maqāṣid al-Sunnah is focused solely on the objectives of a legal ruling derived from the Hadith of Prophet Muhammad (SAW), referred to as al-Maṣāliḥ al-Muʿtabarah, and does not encompass al-Maṣāliḥ al-Mursalah within the discourse of Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah.