Mapping the Problems of Housing Vacancies in Japan

Abstract

This study examines the regional variation of urban abandonment due to the increase in housing vacancies in Japan by using maps and statistical analysis. Spatial distribution of vacant dwellings by prefecture varies according to the type of vacancy. Vacancies of second dwellings are highly concentrated in resort districts neighboring the Tokyo Metropolitan Region and its outskirts. In contrast, the vacancy rate of dwellings for sale or rent is higher in metropolitan areas. Concerning dwellings classified as the “other” type, prefectures containing depopulated areas in western Japan show high vacancy rates. In the Tokyo Metropolitan Region, the rate of total vacant dwellings by municipality is higher in the outskirts of the metropolitan region, where population is declining and aging. However, regarding the vacant dwellings for sale or rent, the vacancy rate is high not only in central areas but also in suburbs. In contrast, the vacancy rate of the “other” type is high in suburban areas, suggesting that urban abandonment occurs in metropolitan suburbs. Regression analysis of the spatial patterns of the correlation between housing vacancies and demographic variables revealed that population growth rate and elderly ratio are major factors affecting the distribution of vacant dwellings. However, the rate of vacancies of second dwellings and those for sale or rent shows a different tendency. Thus, place-specific explanation and solution for the issue are required.