Abstract
BackgroundThere is limited evidence of mapping clinical instruments to a generic preference-based instrument in Asian patient populations. The current study aims to map the eight-item Patient Health Questionnaire depression scale (PHQ-8) onto the EuroQol Five-Dimension (EQ-5D), the Health Utilities Index Mark 3 (HUI3) and the Short Form Six-Dimension (SF-6D) which helps to inform future cost-utility analyses of treatments for depression.MethodsA total of 249 participants who had completed PHQ-8, EQ-5D, SF-6D and HUI3 questionnaires were included in the analyses. A beta regression mixture model was used to map the utility scores as a function of PHQ-8 total scores, PHQ-squared, age and gender. The predictive accuracy of the models was examined using mean absolute error and root mean square error.ResultsThe results were compared against two common regression methods including Ordinary Least Square (OLS) and Tobit regression models. The mean age of the sample was 36.2 years (SD = 11.1). The mean EQ-5D-3L, EQ-5D-5L, HUI3 and SF-6D utility scores were 0.615, 0.709, 0.461 and 0.607, respectively. The EQ-5D-3L, EQ-5D-5L and SF-6D utility scores were best predicted by the beta mixture regression model consisting of PHQ-8 total sores, PHQ-squared, and covariates including age and gender. The HUI3 was best predicted by the OLS regression model.ConclusionsThe current study provides important evidence to clinicians and researchers about the mapping algorithms that can be used in economic evaluation among patients with depression.
Highlights
Depression is a severe mental disorder that causes substantial impairment to the individual and a significant burden to their family members and society
Given that there is limited data on mapping studies using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) to estimate the utility scores among people with depression, the current study aims to map the PHQ onto the EQ-5D, Health Utilities Index Mark 3 (HUI3), and SF-6D to inform cost-utility analyses of treatment for depression
Mapping on EQ-5D-3L Table 3 shows the performance of three regression methods for mapping PHQ-8 to the EQ-5D-3L utility scores
Summary
Depression is a severe mental disorder that causes substantial impairment to the individual and a significant burden to their family members and society. It is a highly prevalent mental disorder affecting 264 million of the global population. The absenteeism costs associated with depression were the highest in Japan ($2674), while presenteeism costs were $5524 in the United States and $5788 in Brazil [2]. Depression has been strongly linked to an increased risk of suicide which is the leading cause of death among adolescents [3]. The current study aims to map the eight-item Patient Health Questionnaire depression scale (PHQ-8) onto the EuroQol Five-Dimension (EQ-5D), the Health Utilities Index Mark 3 (HUI3) and the Short Form Six-Dimension (SF-6D) which helps to inform future cost-utility analyses of treatments for depression
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