Abstract
The forest canopy height (FCH) plays a critical role in forest quality evaluation and resource management. The accurate and rapid estimation and mapping of the regional forest canopy height is crucial for understanding vegetation growth processes and the internal structure of the ecosystem. A stacking algorithm consisting of multiple linear regression (MLR), support vector machine (SVM), k-nearest neighbor (kNN), and random forest (RF) was used in this paper and demonstrated optimal performance in predicting the forest canopy height by synergizing Sentinel-2 images acquired from the cloud-based computation platform Google Earth Engine (GEE) with data from ICESat-2 (Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite-2). This research was conducted to achieve continuous mapping of the canopy height of plantations in Saihanba Mechanical Forest Plantation, which is located in Chengde City, northern Hebei province, China. The results show that stacking achieved the best prediction accuracy for the forest canopy height, with an R2 of 0.77 and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 1.96 m. Compared with MLR, SVM, kNN, and RF, the RMSE obtained by stacking was reduced by 25.2%, 24.9%, 22.8%, and 18.7%, respectively. Since Sentinel-2 images and ICESat-2 data are publicly available, this opens the door for the accurate mapping of the continuous distribution of the forest canopy height globally in the future.
Highlights
The forest canopy height plays a significant role in vegetation health assessment [1,2], and is critical for deriving several key biophysical parameters, such as the aboveground biomass (AGB), carbon storage, biodiversity, vegetation photosynthesis, carbon cycle, and global climate change [3,4,5]
Our results showed that the height metrics and ASR extracted from ICESat-2 were closely related to the forest canopy height
A stacking algorithm consisting of multiple linear regression (MLR), support vector machine (SVM), k-nearest neighbor (kNN), and random forest (RF) was developed to map the spatial pattern of the forest canopy height in the Saihanba forest experiment site in northern China by coupling the ICESat-2 and synthesized Sentinel-2 time series imagery
Summary
The forest canopy height plays a significant role in vegetation health assessment [1,2], and is critical for deriving several key biophysical parameters, such as the aboveground biomass (AGB), carbon storage, biodiversity, vegetation photosynthesis, carbon cycle, and global climate change [3,4,5]. The advanced topographic laser altimeter system (ATLAS) carried by the Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) is one of the latest space-borne LiDAR systems, and was launched on September 15, 2018. It has a high repetition rate and high sensitivity [15,16,17]. ICESat-2 can provide forest vertical structure parameters and obtain global forest dynamic change information, and it has the potential to reveal the current situation and change law of the vegetation canopy height and biomass in large regions [15,19]
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