Mapping the Cephei instability strip: photometric variability of stars in the central part of the Cygnus OB2 association

Abstract

The central part of the Cygnus OB2 association was searched for the presence of short-period hot pulsators. Out of 16 O-type stars in the field, five turned out to be variable. None of the O-type variables showed short-period variations characteristic for the β Cephei-type stars. However, two β Cephei stars were found among the early B-type members of the association. Their pulsation periods are too long to be in agreement with the average association age. We note that the discrepancy can be explained by non-coeval star formation, which was already suggested by other authors from the investigation of the colour–magnitude diagrams of the association. We found 29 new variables in all fields searched by us. About half of these are Cygnus OB2 members. By means of Hα photometry, we confirmed the presence of Hα emission in two stars and found one new Be star. A weak Hα emission is probably present in all observed O-type supergiants and giants. We also give the new BVRIHα photometry for almost 300 stars. This multicolour photometry is used to determine a dereddened colour–magnitude diagram for the association and make a reddening map of the observed field. The extinction in the field, expressed as the total absorption in the Johnson V filter, Av, ranges from 4.1 to 7.0 mag; the average AV amounts to 5.8 mag. One O-type star is probably a background object.