Abstract
Secondary succession is a process that is often observed taking place in former agricultural ecosystems. Its characteristics are especially important in protected areas, for the purposes of monitoring and protective measures. Effective mapping of succession is facilitated by the development of automated methodologies based on remote sensing data, which are capable of complementing traditional field research. The objective of this work is to determine whether the classification of high-resolution hyperspectral and light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data with the use of the random forest algorithm enables us to produce an accurate succession species map. First, feature extraction techniques are applied to 1-m hyperspectral images and a ∼7 point / m2 dense point cloud. Minimum noise fraction layers and vegetation indices are calculated from the hyperspectral data and geometry related indices from the LiDAR data. Finally, the recursive feature elimination algorithm is applied to the combined dataset and the reference polygons to select the optimal set of features for subsequent classification. The results indicate that the proposed methodology has the potential to be used operationally. The final classification product is characterized by a relatively high Cohen’s kappa value of 0.68, with single species classified with various accuracies, expressed by F 1 scores ranging from 0.45 to 0.87.
Highlights
The succession process is currently the subject of a large number of research projects all over the world, for example in Europe,[1,2,3] North America,[4,5,6,7,8,9] South America,[10,11,12] and in Asia.[13]
light detection and ranging (LiDAR)-based products express the geometrical characteristics of the analyzed objects
Discrimination between succession species in the research area was mainly achieved in the geometrical domain by the use of features representing different statistics of the normalized digital surface model, and focused on the height of the objects
Summary
The succession process is currently the subject of a large number of research projects all over the world, for example in Europe,[1,2,3] North America,[4,5,6,7,8,9] South America,[10,11,12] and in Asia.[13] The reason behind the interest in this topic is undoubtedly connected with its significance, which can be seen from three different perspectives. This situation leads to changes in the composition of species in an ecosystem,[18,19] in plant species and animal communities.[20,21,22] As a result, secondary
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