Abstract
Despite the development of information and communication technologies, mobility still remains an important factor in the development of the social capital, by promoting social interactions. However, rural African populations face more difficulties getting around than city dwellers. In addition, studies on mobility in Africa are relatively weak. In rural African areas, this ignorance of mobility is even more important. It is necessary to identify the characteristics and the spatial structure of mobility flows before starting any reflection on solutions, particularly in terms of spatial allocation of transport resources. Our main objective is to map the current movement flows in the Niakhar area. We chose to use the cartographic approach to analyze mobility flows. The data come from a survey carried out in 2018, as part of the French Institute of Research for Development (IRD) Niakhar Atlas project. For the data analysis, we used 4 methods: dominant flux method, net flux calculation method, directional mean statistics and areal interpolation. The results revealed differences in mobility behavior depending on the season and in space, and the existence of three dominant centers: Ngayokhème, Diohine and Toucar. They also made it possible to highlight the main directions of the flows and the scalar fields of mobility.
Highlights
The development of means of transport has increased the mobility capacity of populations and exchanges at the global level [1]
They are complemented by a dominated dominant center which is a secondary pole receiving as many dominant flows as they emit; this is the village of Ngayokhème
We note the existence of a single dominant center not dominated in Diohine and two dominant centers dominated in Toucar and Ngayokhème
Summary
The development of means of transport has increased the mobility capacity of populations and exchanges at the global level [1]. The unequal distribution of resources (infrastructure, equipment and basic services) in the areas has increased the mobility needs of populations [2]. Rural populations face more difficulties getting around than city dwellers These mobility constraints are linked to various factors, including isolation, the state of communication channels, the lack of organized transport system, the often high cost of transport and the very low motorization of households. Those obstacles, combined with the prevailing poverty in these rural areas [4], considerably hinder the mobility capacity of rural populations. The Niakhar area is a heterogeneous space from all points of view [5] and this heterogeneity can generate differences in mobility behavior
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