Abstract
This paper presents in detail the legislation and regulation related to the use and ownership of building complexes with multiple units (apartments, condominiums) in Saudi Arabia for the 3D registration of the legal spaces. The 3D Land Administration Domain Model (LADM)country profile for Saudi Arabia must be able to represent the identified concepts for multi-owner buildings. Today, there is a trend to directly design these buildings in 3D. Within the spatial development lifecycle thinking, this design will be reused via Building Information Modelling (BIM)/ Industry Foundation Class (IFC) encodings in the subsequent phases, such as, obtaining permits, financing, constructing, etc. However, in order to support the next step, the cadastral registration, we present, at this paper, a mapping from the BIM/IFC to the LADM, both at conceptual modelling and at the level of the individual units with their geometry and topology. This mapping requires that the BIM/IFC file contains sufficient information to identify the different spaces being part of a property. Three different main type of spaces are identified: private part, common part, and exclusive common part. A single property may contain multiple disconnected components, such as the main apartment, the storage in the basement, and a car park. In turn, a component, such as the main apartment, may contain multiple connected spaces, i.e. the various rooms of the main apartment. In addition to mapping the concepts at class level from IFC to LADM, we also extract rules for treating the spaces of various types of walls, slabs, roofs, and constructive elements, such as foundation and pillars. The presented approach is tested with a real-world example IFC file, identifying the issues to be improved, i.e. guidelines for the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) sector to produce IFC file which can be more easy used as input for 3D Land Administration with minimal manual interventions. This research bridges the gap between the project-oriented world of the AEC sector (with BIM/IFC files) and the legal registration as described through the ISO 19152. Though many of the presented findings are based on the legislation and case study in Saudi Arabia, we have the rather strong impression, that these findings will not be very different in other countries.
Highlights
Much of the current research in land administration focuses on issues related to 3D representations: techniques for data collection, optimizing processes, 3D web-based data dissemination and visualization, standardization, and interoperability of solutions
The methodology used in the research can be summarized as follows: Firstly, we reviewed the current research carried out on the discourse on Building In formation Modelling (BIM)/Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) interoperability and the new regulations for building sub division in our case study in Saudi Arabia
The information that has been identified during this research can be categorized in two groups: optional and non-optional information. These categories have been considered as attributes for the country profile, and there were three types of attributes: attributes related to party information, those related to spatial information, and those related to administrative/ legal information
Summary
Much of the current research in land administration focuses on issues related to 3D representations: techniques for data collection, optimizing processes, 3D web-based data dissemination and visualization, standardization, and interoperability of solutions. BIM models, and Industry Foundation Class (IFC) files are considered promising source for land administration, as they provide a rich amount of 3D geometric, topo logical and semantic information about buildings Such source data is expected to have capabilities to specify semantics, which can identify property units accurately, represent cadastral boundaries better, and visualize complex buildings in more detail (Rajabifard et al, 2019). The main part of this research is country-specific and at an initial stage, as it is investigated how different types of spaces can be mapped from In dustry Foundation Class (EN ISO 16739:2017) files to ISO 19152 Land Administration Domain Model:2012, using real-world data for Saudi Arabia (both spatial and administrative). The initial 3D LADM-based country profile for Saudi Arabia is presented in Section 5, while the last Section are devoted to discussion and conclusions
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