Abstract
Considerable pharmacological studies have demonstrated that the extracts and ingredients from different parts (seeds, peels, pulps, and flowers) of Litchi exhibited anticancer effects by affecting the proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, metastasis, chemotherapy and radiotherapy sensitivity, stemness, metabolism, angiogenesis, and immunity via multiple targeting. However, there is no systematical analysis on the interaction network of “multiple ingredients-multiple targets-multiple pathways” anticancer effects of Litchi. In this study, we summarized the confirmed anticancer ingredients and molecular targets of Litchi based on published articles and applied network pharmacology approach to explore the complex mechanisms underlying these effects from a perspective of system biology. The top ingredients, top targets, and top pathways of each anticancer function were identified using network pharmacology approach. Further intersecting analyses showed that Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), Gallic acid, Kaempferol, Luteolin, and Betulinic acid were the top ingredients which might be the key ingredients exerting anticancer function of Litchi, while BAX, BCL2, CASP3, and AKT1 were the top targets which might be the main targets underling the anticancer mechanisms of these top ingredients. These results provided references for further understanding and exploration of Litchi as therapeutics in cancer as well as the application of “Component Formula” based on Litchi’s effective ingredients.
Highlights
Cancer is one of the most serious public health problems globally
We collected 110 compounds isolated from Litchi and found 19 components with anticancer effects based on 241 published research papers
We identified the top ingredients, top targets, and top signaling pathways of Litchi with anticancer effect from four major aspects including anti-proliferation, cell death promotion, inhibition of metastasis, and sensitization of chemotherapy and radiotherapy
Summary
Cancer is one of the most serious public health problems globally. In 2018, approximately 18.1 million new cancer cases and 9.6 million cancer-related deaths occurred in the world (Bray et al, 2018). Given that cancer is a complex disease which alters a range of cellular
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