Abstract
Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) is an oil-bearing plant that has potential to be cultivated as a biodiesel crop. The seed cake after oil extraction has 40–50% protein that can be used in animal feeds. A major limitation in utilizing the cake is the presence of phorbol esters (PE), a heat-tolerant toxic chemical. To identify the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for PE, we constructed a genetic linkage map from an F2 population of 95 individuals from a cross “Chai Nat” × “M10” using 143 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. M10 is low in seed PE while Chai Nat is high. Seeds from each F2 individual were quantified for PE content by high performance liquid chromatography. A single marker analysis revealed five markers from linkage group 3 (LG3) and nine markers from LG8 associated with seed PE. Inclusive composite interval mapping identified two QTLs, each on LG3 (qPE3.1) and LG8 (qPE8.1) responsible for the PE. qPE3.1 and qPE8.1 accounted for 14.10%, and 15.49% of total variation in seed PE, respectively. Alelle(s) from M10 at qPE3.1 increased seed PE, while at qPE8.1 decreased seed PE. qPE3.1 is a new loci for PE, while qPE8.1 is the same locus with that reported recently for PE.
Highlights
Jatropha or physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) (2n = 2x = 22) is an oil-bearing plant that has potential to be cultivated as a non-edible oil crop for producing biodiesel
Oil with high percentage of monounsaturated oleic and polyunsaturated linoleic acid [1,2] this crop has not been fully domesticated due to several limitations including low seed yield, non-synchronous maturity, and the presence of toxins in seeds. The presence of this chemical in seed cakes after oil extraction from the seeds prevent the use of the cake which contain high protein (40–50%) as raw material for animal feed industry [3]
Six forms of phorbol esters (PE) have been isolated from Jatropha in which all of them are likely to be derived from the same phorbol backbone [4,5]
Summary
Oil with high percentage of monounsaturated oleic and polyunsaturated linoleic acid [1,2] this crop has not been fully domesticated due to several limitations including low seed yield, non-synchronous maturity, and the presence of toxins in seeds. The presence of this chemical in seed cakes after oil extraction from the seeds prevent the use of the cake which contain high protein (40–50%) as raw material for animal feed industry [3]. A single knockdown of genes for GGPP synthase, terpene synthase and casbene synthases by RNA interference (RNAi) technique reduced up to 80%
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