Abstract
The local climate zone (LCZ) has become a new tool for urban heat island research. Taking Chenzhou as the research object, eight urban spatial form elements and land cover elements are calculated respectively through ArcGIS, Skyhelios and ENVI software. The calculation results are then rasterized and clustered in ArcGIS to obtain the LCZ map at a resolution of 200 m. Afterwards, the land surface temperature (LST) of different local climate zones in the four seasons from 2017 to 2018 is further analyzed using one-way ANOVA F-test and Student’s t-test. The results suggest that: (1) by adding localized LCZ classes and applying the semi-automatic algorithm on the Arc-GIS platform, the final overall accuracy reaches 69.54%, with a kappa value of 0.67, (2) the compact middle-rise buildings (LCZ-2′) and open low-rise buildings (LCZ-6) heavily contribute to the high LST of the downtown area, while the large low-rise buildings (LCZ-8) cause the high LST regions in the eastern part of the town, (3) obvious land surface temperature differences can be detected in four seasons among different LCZ classes, with high LST in summer and autumn. Built-up LCZ classes generally revealed higher LSTs than land cover LCZs in all seasons. The findings of this study provide better understandings of the relationship between LCZ and LST, as well as important insights for urban planners on urban heat mitigation.
Highlights
Consistent urbanization leads to the conversion of natural land surface covers using impervious surfaces, which in turn causes an increase of artificial heat emissions
Unlike the earlier local climate zone (LCZ) mapping research focusing on high-density cities [29,33,34], which were usually mapped at a resolution of 300 m, GIS-method classification in a developing city like Chenzhou applied grids of 200 × 200 m to ensure there was classification accuracy
LCZ classes according to the dominant building forms of Chenzhou, which some previous studies already demonstrated in other countries
Summary
Consistent urbanization leads to the conversion of natural land surface covers using impervious surfaces, which in turn causes an increase of artificial heat emissions. Lima pointed out that buildings’ geometry can affect their energy consumption, while reductions in the thermal load of 16–18% were observed when the urban environment was considered in energy simulations [12]. Chen concluded that both the spatial configuration of tree canopies and the vertical structure of tree canopies are important predictors for reducing land surface temperature (LST) during daytime and nighttime [13]. Investigating the impacts of urban physical characteristics on microclimate is a difficult task because of the complexity and variety of land cover, surface structures, construction materials and human activities [19]
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