Mapping Inuit Sea Ice Knowledge, Use, and Change in Nunavut, Canada (Cape Dorset, Igloolik, Pangnirtung)

Abstract

This chapter reviews the efforts under SIKU-ISIUOP to expand upon previous research that characterized the importance of sea ice processes, use, and change around the Baffin Island communities of Cape Dorset, Igloolik, and Pangnirtung, Nunavut. In these three communities, local ice conditions are intertwined with daily activities and provide a means of traveling and hunting, as well as sustaining marine wildlife and aspects of Inuit culture. In order for people to effectively travel and hunt on the sea ice, they have to become knowledgeable about the complexity and dynamism of the oceanic environment. Through these understandings and long-term experience and observation, local experts (such as Inuit elders and active hunters) are acutely aware of the local and regional manifestations of climate change, as indicated by long-term changes and increased unpredictability of sea ice. Specifically, Inuit have observed changes in floe edge position, weather, the timing of freeze-up and breakup, ice thickness, and the presence of multi-year ice. This chapter reviews specific indicators used to evaluate sea ice changes, offers a regional comparison of sea ice changes in the three communities, and provides an overview of some of the local implications of sea ice changes.