Abstract
Abstract. Managing multiple ecosystem services (ES) across forest landscape, constitute a growing field of research. It represents a key challenge that attempts to optimize the trade-offs among provisioning, supporting, regulating and cultural ES. Here, we review approaches and shortcomings on some anterior FES studies. Three main components are presented, 1) an overview of the current state of research, 2) a summary of main methods adopted 3) an identification of principal approaches' restrictions. Several conclusions emerge: most of the studies focus on a limited number of FES which might undermine the long-term provision of other FES, or converge to using free software models which are practical and low-cost but require enormous data. This reveals how the lack of existing inventories and evaluations impacts the choice of methodologies and lead to use indirect methods of measurement. However, researches that aim to understand the relationships and conflicts among multiple FES and seeks to find out the best management regime will improve our ability to sustainably fulfil economic, ecologic and social goals.
Highlights
Ecosystem services represent direct and indirect benefits that people obtain from ecosystems (MEA, 2005)
Plenty efforts have gone into developing tools and models that can adjust or extrapolate data points to larger scales based on proxies measured in the field or from remote sensing instruments (Brown et al, 1982, 1993, Waring et al 1995, Brown 1997, Chave et al 2005, Saatchi et al 2007).The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has produced a set of guidelines for estimating greenhouse gas inventories at different tiers of quality, ranging from Tier 1 up to Tier 3 (Penman et al 2003, IPCC 2006,)
Seven recent research aiming to assess environmental and economical benefits of FES were selected. Approaches used in those case studies vary from biophysical methods to monetary techniques
Summary
Ecosystem services represent direct and indirect benefits that people obtain from ecosystems (MEA, 2005). Many crucial ecosystem services are provided by forests (Gamfeldt et al, 2013; García-Nieto et al, 2013; Vanhanen et al, 2012) They supply food and timber, regulate local and global climate, remove pollutants, enhance soil retention and water quality, and improve landscape aesthetics (Chiabai et al.,2011;De Groot and van der Meer,2010).These benefits have been undervalued since they are not traded in conventional markets and are difficult to value (Ninan et al,2016). Due to the population expansion and the economic growth; demands are highly increasing (Vitousek et al, 1997), which have caused severe ecosystem degradation and biodiversity loss (MEA, 2005; Rapport et al, 1998) These impacts can conduct to changes in the state of ecosystem functioning (IPCC,2001), which in turn affect the overall provision of forest ecosystem goods and services, and have a negative impact on human-wellbeing (Liebhold et al,2017 ; Wagner et al, 2014).
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