Abstract
BackgroundEarly diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis (TB) have been shown to reduce the impact of TB illness particularly, among TB key populations such as people living with HIV/AIDS, prisoners, refugees, migrants, displaced populations, survivors of TB illness, and indigenous populations. We propose to conduct a systematic scoping review to map global evidence on active tuberculosis case finding policies, strategies, and interventions for TB key populations.Method and analysisThis study will be guided by the scoping review framework, proposed by Arksey and O’Malley. A comprehensive literature search will be performed in the following electronic databases: PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Science Direct, and EBSCOhost (Academic search complete, PsycINFO, Health Sources, CINAHL, and MEDLINE with full text). Primary studies both published in peer-reviewed journals and grey literature such as unpublished studies, thesis, and studies in press addressing our research question will be included. To reduce selection bias, two independent reviewers will perform title, abstract, and full article screening in parallel. Also, data extraction from the included studies will be conducted by two independent reviewers. We will use NVivo version 11 software to extract the outcomes relevant to answering the research question from the included studies using a content thematic analysis. The results of this proposed study will be presented according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis: Extension for Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR). The mixed methods assessment tool version 2018 will be employed for quality appraisal of the included studies.DiscussionWe anticipate that the mapped evidence will help reveal diverse active TB case finding policies, strategies, and interventions to help inform future adoption and implementation to reduce TB missing cases worldwide. We also anticipated that the results of the proposed scoping review will help reveal research gaps, which can be addressed to ensure early detection and treatment of TB among key populations. The proposed study will may as well contribute to healthcare systems strengthening and improve research in TB key populations.
Highlights
Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis (TB) have been shown to reduce the impact of TB illness among TB key populations such as people living with human immune-deficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome (AIDS), prisoners, refugees, migrants, displaced populations, survivors of TB illness, and indigenous populations
The proposed study will may as well contribute to healthcare systems strengthening and improve research in TB key populations
People living with human immune-deficiency virus (HIV) infection or acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome (AIDS), prisoners, migrants, refugees, survivors of TB infection, and indigenous populations are highly vulnerable and at much higher risk of developing TB illness [3]
Summary
Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis (TB) have been shown to reduce the impact of TB illness among TB key populations such as people living with HIV/AIDS, prisoners, refugees, migrants, displaced populations, survivors of TB illness, and indigenous populations. TB key populations such as prisoners, people living with TB/HIV coinfection, migrants, refugees, and indigenous populations may have poor health-seeking behaviour and experience significant marginalisation and human rights violations [3, 8]. They experience far-reaching stigma and discrimination, state and non-state violence and harassment, restrictive laws and policies, and criminalization of behaviours or practices which put them at higher risks and undermine their access to quality healthcare services [3, 8,9,10]. This makes the hunt for “missing cases” more urgent [3, 13]
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