Mapping discourse coalitions in the minimum unit pricing for alcohol debate: a discourse network analysis of UK newspaper coverage

Gillian Fergie,Ben Hawkins,Shona Hilton,Philip Leifeld

doi:10.1111/add.14514

Abstract

Background and AimsMinimum unit pricing (MUP) for alcohol was introduced in Scotland on 1 May 2018, and is now on the policy agenda in other devolved administrations and at Westminster. Previous research has explored the arguments deployed for and against MUP, but the congruence between actors in the MUP debate has not been sufficiently examined. This study identified and mapped the discourse coalitions that emerged in the UK MUP debate through an analysis of actors’ use of arguments in media coverage of the policy debates.DesignA sample of print media coverage of MUP was obtained from the LexisNexis newspaper database. The resulting sample was imported into discourse network analysis (DNA) software for coding and subsequent visualization of actor networks.SettingUnited Kingdom.ObservationsA total of 348 articles from eight UK‐wide and three Scottish newspapers from an 18‐month period, ending in November 2012, were analysed.MeasurementsActors’ arguments were coded to generate structured data for conversion into a weighted actor network where ties represent similarities among actors in terms of arguments in support of or opposition to MUP.FindingsTwo polarized discourse coalitions, Opponents and Proponents of MUP, emerged in media coverage. The Proponents coalition consisted mainly of health advocacy groups, charities, political parties and academic institutions. In the Opponents coalition, the networks were formed of key alcohol manufacturers and economic think‐tanks. While producer organizations were central to the Opponents coalition, some commercial actors were more favourable to MUP, highlighting divisions within the industry overall.ConclusionsMedia coverage of minimum unit pricing (MUP) in Scotland from June 2011 to November 2012 showed alignment between the policy positions of (1) alcohol producers and think‐tanks opposed to MUP; and (2) public health advocates and health charities in favour of the policy. Some alcohol industry actors were supportive of MUP indicating divisions among the industry. Discourse network analysis may be usefully applied to study other highly contested policy issues in health and beyond.

Highlights

Forms of minimum alcohol pricing have been in place throughout various Scandinavian countries and Canadian provinces for several years, offering governments an opportunity to both raise revenue and stabilize markets [1]
The Discourse Network Analysis (DNA) method, which combines qualitative content analysis with network analysis to facilitate the study of policy debates [11,20], was applied to UK newspaper coverage of the development of Minimum Unit Pricing (MUP) during a period of intense debate
discourse network analysis (DNA) was used to convert the structured data into a weighted actor × actor network, where ties and their weights represent similarities among actors in terms of agreement and disagreement over concepts

Summary

Introduction

Forms of minimum alcohol pricing have been in place throughout various Scandinavian countries and Canadian provinces for several years, offering governments an opportunity to both raise revenue and stabilize markets [1]. The implementation of similar policies, with the explicit aim of reducing consumption and minimizing health harms, has been widely debated since the Scottish Government announced its interest in Minimum Unit Pricing (MUP) for alcohol. Following the UK Supreme Court ruling in November 2017 against the Scotch Whisky Association’s challenge to the policy, MUP was introduced in Scotland on 1 May 2018 [4]. This internationally significant policy passed into law in Scotland in June 2012 (the Alcohol (Minimum Pricing) (Scotland) Act). This study identified and mapped the discourse coalitions that emerged in the UK MUP debate through an analysis of actors’ use of arguments in media coverage of the policy debates. While producer organizations were central to the Opponents coalition, some commercial actors were more favourable to MUP, highlighting divisions within the industry overall

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