Mapping Carbon Monoxide Pollution of Residential Areas in a Polish City

Janusz Kwiecień,Kinga Szopińska

doi:10.3390/rs12182885

Abstract

Road traffic is among the main sources of atmospheric pollution in cities. Maps of pollutants are based on geostatistical models using a digital model of the city along with traffic parameters allowing for ongoing analyses and prediction of the condition of the environment. The aim of the work was to determine the size of areas at risk of carbon monoxide pollution derived from road traffic along with determining the number of inhabitants exposed to excessive CO levels using geostatistical modeling on the example of the city of Bydgoszcz, a city in the northern part of Poland. The COPERT STREET LEVEL program was used to calculate CO emissions. Next, based on geostatistical modelling, a prediction map of CO pollution (kg/year) was generated, along with determining the level of CO concentration (mg/m3/year). The studies accounted for the variability of road sources as well as the spatial structure of the terrain. The results are presented for the city as well as divided into individual housing estates. The level of total carbon monoxide concentration for the city was 5.18 mg/m3/year, indicating good air quality. Detailed calculation analyses showed that the level of air pollution with CO varies in the individual housing estates, ranging from 0.08 to 35.70 mg/m3/year. Out of the 51 studied residential estates, the limit value was exceeded in 10, with 45% of the population at risk of poor air quality. The obtained results indicate that only detailed monitoring of the level of pollution can provide us with reliable information on air quality. The results also show in what way geostatistical tools can be used to map the spatial variability of air pollution in a city. The obtained spatial details can be used to improve estimated concentration based on interpolation between direct observation and prediction models.

Highlights

One of the main problems influencing the environment and health of people is the quality of air [1] and [2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
Classes of air quality assessment are provided for the entire city in a uniform manner without an internal division accounting for the variability of sources of pollution, including the distance of the given areas from roads as well as changes in traffic intensity on individual road segments, which influences the level of carbon monoxide emitted from the road;
In accordance with legal provisions, Bydgoszcz, as a zone subjected to the assessment of air quality, falls into Class A, signifying good air quality in terms of carbon monoxide pollution;

Summary

Introduction

One of the main problems influencing the environment and health of people is the quality of air [1] (pp. 103–105) and [2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]. The dynamic increase in the number of vehicles travelling on European roads, which is accompanied by a significantly slower development of the transportation network [10], has led to a noticeable drop in the average speed at which vehicles travel. This leads to several problems where the urban environment is concerned, including increased air pollution [11], which may result in more frequent occurrence of respiratory problems in inhabitants [12]. Despite the growing problem of smog, there is a lack of detailed studies on the emission of pollutants generated by motor vehicles on air quality, which attention had been drawn to in the works [10,11]

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Discussion

Conclusion