Abstract
Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity is one of the major causes of undesirable brown color of grain and flour of durum and common wheat. The Ppo-A1, Ppo-A2, Ppo-D1 and Ppo-D2 genes are known to be involved in PPO activity, while the role of Ppo-B1 and Ppo-B2 genes is not accurately established. The goals of this study were to develop homoeolog-specific markers to determine the genetic map position of Ppo-B1 and Ppo-B2, detect new allelic variants and to verify their association with PPO activity. Two new functional markers, MG08 and MG33, were developed for Ppo-B1 and Ppo-B2, respectively, and mapped on chromosome bin C-2BL6-0.88, separated by 11.4 cM. Screening of a tetraploid wheat collection with MG08 and MG33 identified four and two alleles, respectively, including three novel alleles of Ppo-B1 (Ppo-B1b, PpoB1c and Ppo-B1d) and one novel allele of Ppo-B2 (Ppo-B2d). Ppo-B1 and Ppo-B2 were significantly associated with PPO activity evaluated in replicated trials carried out in 3 years. The newly developed homoeolog-specific markers can be used in wheat breeding to improve the quality of wheat-based products.
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