MAPK signaling pathways regulate IL-8 mRNA stability and IL-8 protein expression in cystic fibrosis lung epithelial cell lines

Abstract

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterized by a massive proinflammatory phenotype in the lung, caused by mutations in the CFTR gene. IL-8 and other proinflammatory mediators are elevated in the CF airway, and the immediate mechanism may depend on disease-specific stabilization of IL-8 mRNA in CF lung epithelial cells. MAPK signaling pathways impact directly on IL-8 protein expression in CF cells, and we have hypothesized that the mechanism may also involve stabilization of the IL-8 mRNA. To test this hypothesis, we have examined the effects of pharmacological and molecular inhibitors of p38, and downstream MK2, ERK1/2, and JNK, on stability of IL-8 mRNA in CF lung epithelial cells. We previously showed that tristetraprolin (TTP) was constitutively low in CF and that raising TTP destabilized the IL-8 mRNA. We therefore also tested these effects on CF lung epithelial cells stably expressing TTP. TTP binds to AU-rich elements in the 3'-UTR of the IL-8 mRNA. We find that inhibition of p38 and ERK1/2 reduces the stability of IL-8 mRNA in parental CF cells. However, neither intervention further lowers TTP-dependent destabilization of IL-8 mRNA. By contrast, inhibition of the JNK-2 pathway has no effect on IL-8 mRNA stability in parental CF cell, but rather increases the stability of the message in cells expressing high levels of TTP. However, we find that inhibition of ERK1/2 or p38 leads to suppression of the effect of JNK-2 inhibition on IL-8 mRNA stability. These data thus lend support to our hypothesis that constitutive MAPK signaling and proteasomal activity might also contribute, along with aberrantly lower TTP, to the proinflammatory phenotype in CF lung epithelial cells by increasing IL-8 mRNA stability and IL-8 protein expression.