Abstract
Low-temperature, solution-processed, highly efficient hybrid organic/inorganic perovskite planar heterojunction solar cells were fabricated by incorporating reactive crystalline titania (h-TAc) into MAPbI3 layers. The h-TAc was prepared by the sol-gel reaction at low temperature followed by solvothermal treatment. The photoelectrical properties of the solar cells with h-TAc were analyzed. The incorporation with 0.85-wt% h-TAc showed the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE, 15.9%), increasing 69% compared to the pristine cell. The enhancement arose from large-grained microstructures, leading to a low rate of charge recombination. The carboxyl groups chelated on the surface of h-TAc revealed a strong attraction to lead ions, which are significantly helpful to MAPbI3 crystal growth.
Highlights
Owing to their promising advantages such as low exciton binding energy, high charge carrier mobility [1,2,3,4,5,6,7], high absorption coefficient [8,9], and large charge carrier diffusion length [2,10,11], hybrid organic/inorganic perovskites have recently emerged as outstanding materials in photovoltaic technology [12,13,14]
The quality of perovskite active layer with respect to morphology and crystallization strongly affects the performance of the perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) [1,29,30,31]
No peak near 12.7◦, attributed to PbI2 [47], was found on the curves. This result implies that h-TAc incorporation neither hinders the formation of crystal nor results in PbI2 separated out from MAPbI3
Summary
Owing to their promising advantages such as low exciton binding energy, high charge carrier mobility [1,2,3,4,5,6,7], high absorption coefficient [8,9], and large charge carrier diffusion length [2,10,11], hybrid organic/inorganic perovskites have recently emerged as outstanding materials in photovoltaic technology [12,13,14]. Some efforts have been made to develop a new processing method for the preparation of crystalline perovskite thin films such as fast deposition—crystallization in which extra solvent has been dripped on the film during the high speed spin-coating process [38], solvent annealing by using N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) [39], rapid crystallization by solvent-solvent extraction [40], and induced crystallization by room-temperature mixed solvent vapor annealing [1] Among these methods, solvent annealing and mixed solvent vapor annealing methods resulted in high PCE, indicating that solvent plays an important role in producing highly crystalline perovskite layer. We have analyzed the effect of h-TAc on PVSCs and investigated the potential mechanism for h-TAc enhancement
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