Abstract
Transcriptional elongation of many eukaryotic, prokaryotic, and viral genes is tightly controlled, which contributes to gene regulation. Here we describe this phenomenon for the MAP kinase phosphatase 1 (MKP-1) immediate early gene. In rat GH4C1 pituitary cells, MKP-1 mRNA is rapidly and transiently induced by the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and the epidermal growth factor EGF via transcriptional activation of the gene. Ca(2+) signals are necessary for the induction of MKP-1 in response to TRH but not to EGF. Reporter gene analysis with the newly cloned rat promoter sequence shows only limited induction in response to various stimuli, including TRH or EGF. By nuclear run-on assays we demonstrate that in basal conditions, a strong block to elongation in the first exon regulates the MKP-1 gene and that stimulation with either TRH or EGF overcomes the block. Ca(2+) signals are important to release the MKP-1 elongation block in a manner similar to the c-fos oncogene. These results suggest that a common mechanism of intragenic regulation may be conserved between MKP-1 and c-fos in mammalian cells.
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