Abstract
Some principal problems of theoretical studies of the structure and spectra of complex many-electron atoms and ions, having as a rule several open electronic shells, are surveyed. The usage of various approaches is discussed while calculating energy spectra of the systems mentioned, including the relativistic version of least squares fitting method. It is shown that for many cases the spectra cannot be classified with the help of LS coupling scheme. The method of optimization of coupling scheme is described. The role of group-theoretical methods, namely, the groups of quasispin and isospin as well as the direct usage of corresponding Clebsch-Gordan coefficients, in theoretical atomic spectroscopy is emphasized.
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