Abstract
This paper describes a new design and an optimization framework for a four-band antenna to be used in wireless sensor networks. The antenna is designed to operate effectively in two open frequency bands (ISM—Industrial, Scientific, Medical), 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz, as well as in two bands allocated for the fifth-generation (5G) cellular networks, 0.7 GHz and 3.5 GHz. Our initial design was developed using the trial and error approach, modifying a circular disc monopole antenna widely used in ultra wideband (UWB) systems. This initial design covered the three upper bands, but impedance matching within the 700 MHz band was unsatisfactory. The antenna performance was then improved significantly using an optimization algorithm that applies a bi-objective fully-Paretian approach to its nine-parameter geometry. The optimization criteria were impedance matching and radiation efficiency. The final design exhibits good impedance matching in all four desired bands with the Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) value below 2 and radiation efficiency of 88%. The simulated antenna performance was verified experimentally.
Highlights
Wireless sensor networks have become increasingly common in recent years, as they support an ever-expanding array of applications, in agriculture [1], marine environment monitoring [2], ambient assisted living [3], industry [4], healthcare [5], and beyond
We describe the design and procedure of optimization for a four-band antenna to be used in wireless sensor networks
We have presented a novel design for a four-band antenna to be used for multiband wireless sensor networks
Summary
Wireless sensor networks have become increasingly common in recent years, as they support an ever-expanding array of applications, in agriculture [1], marine environment monitoring [2], ambient assisted living [3], industry [4], healthcare [5], and beyond Often, such networks do not have a dedicated licensed frequency band, but operate in the existing radio environment. In complex application scenarios which include large distances or multiple users, cellular wireless systems can be used for data transfer from the sensor network to the core network This technology can be combined with low power, short distance systems such as ZigBee or Bluetooth, which operate in the ISM band [7]. Multiple transmission standards are still available in the ISM band
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