Manufacturing Technologies of Carbon/Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites and Their Properties: A Review.

Emanoil Linul,Pratiksha H. Wagh,Dipen Kumar Rajak

doi:10.3390/polym13213721

Emanoil Linul, Pratiksha H. Wagh + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13213721

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Journal: Polymers	Publication Date: Oct 28, 2021
Citations: 93	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Polytechnic University of Timişoara

Abstract

Over the last few years, there has been a growing interest in the study of lightweight composite materials. Due to their tailorable properties and unique characteristics (high strength, flexibility and stiffness), glass (GFs) and carbon (CFs) fibers are widely used in the production of advanced polymer matrix composites. Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) and Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) composites have been developed by different fabrication methods and are extensively used for diverse engineering applications. A considerable amount of research papers have been published on GFRP and CFRP composites, but most of them focused on particular aspects. Therefore, in this review paper, a detailed classification of the existing types of GFs and CFs, highlighting their basic properties, is presented. Further, the oldest to the newest manufacturing techniques of GFRP and CFRP composites have been collected and described in detail. Furthermore, advantages, limitations and future trends of manufacturing methodologies are emphasized. The main properties (mechanical, vibrational, environmental, tribological and thermal) of GFRP and CFRP composites were summarized and documented with results from the literature. Finally, applications and future research directions of FRP composites are addressed. The database presented herein enables a comprehensive understanding of the GFRP and CFRP composites’ behavior and it can serve as a basis for developing models for predicting their behavior.

Highlights

Throughout human history, from early civilizations to enabling future innovations, composite materials have played an important role
The Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) composites with high strength and normal modulus fibers are majorly used in the infrastructure industry
Regarding the manufacture of advanced CFRP and Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) composites, the most important aspect is found in the fact that the polymeric material and Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) structure are created at the same time

Summary

Introduction

Throughout human history, from early civilizations to enabling future innovations, composite materials have played an important role. Compared to fully dense materials (e.g., steel, aluminum, etc.), composites offer many advantages, some of which are lightweight, high strength and stiffness, excellent vibration damping property, design flexibility, corrosion and wear resistance. Xian et al [26], using pultrusion technology, developed three kinds of carbon/glass FRP hybrid rods They investigated the effects of fiber hybrid mode and rod diameter on the mechanical properties and water uptake behavior. The CFs are unaffected by alkaline materials or ultraviolet rays Their impact properties are less than that of GFs. The CFRPs using ultra-high- and highmodulus CFs are suitable for the aerospace industry because their strength-to-weight ratio is among the highest of all FRP composites. The CFRP composites with high strength and normal modulus fibers are majorly used in the infrastructure industry

Manufacturing Methodologies of GFRP and CFRP Composites

Matched Die Molding

Injection Molding Process

Resin Transfer Molding Process

Dry Hand Lay-Up Process

Pultrusion Process

Advantages and Limitations of FRP Manufacturing Methodologies

Vibration Properties

Environmental Properties

Tribological Properties

Thermal Properties

Findings