Abstract
The evolution of polymer based nanoparticles as a drug delivery carrier via pharmaceutical nano/microencapsulation has greatly promoted the development of nano- and micro-medicine in the past few decades. Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) and chitosan, which are biodegradable and biocompatible polymers, have been approved by both the Food & Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicine Agency (EMA), making them ideal biomaterials that can be advanced from laboratory development to clinical oral and parental administrations. PLGA and chitosan encapsulated nanoparticles (NPs) have successfully been developed as new oral drug delivery systems with demonstrated high efficacy. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the fabrication of PLGA and chitosan particulate systems using nano/microencapsulation methods, the current progress and the future outlooks of the nanoparticulate drug delivery systems. Especially, we focus on the formulations and nano/micro-encapsulation techniques using top-down techniques. It also addresses how the different phases including the organic and aqueous ones in the emulsion system interact with each other and subsequently influence the properties of the drug delivery system. Besides, surface modification strategies which can effectively engineer intrinsic physicochemical properties are summarised. Finally, future perspectives and potential directions of PLGA and chitosan nano/microencapsulated drug systems are outlined.
Highlights
Cancer refers to a disease characterised by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal body cells [1]
Chemotherapy is frequently used when cancer has spread throughout the body
Polymer and drug are dissolved in a water miscible organic solvent, for example, acetone or methanol
Summary
Cancer refers to a disease characterised by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal body cells [1]. Current treatments of cancers include surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Surgery and radiation therapy are mostly applied for local and non-metastatic ones. Chemotherapy is frequently used when cancer has spread throughout the body. Chemotherapy forms a main strategy for the treatment of cancer before and after surgery and radiation therapy. Conventional chemotherapy kills the cancerous cells and the healthy ones, which results in very strong
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