Abstract
With the current rapidly growing global population, the animal product industry faces challenges which not only demand drastically increased amounts of animal products but also have to limit the emission of greenhouse gases and animal waste. These issues can be solved by the combination of microfabrication and tissue engineering techniques, which utilize the microtissue as a building component for larger tissue assembly to fabricate animal products. Various methods for the assembly of microtissue have been proposed such as spinning, cell layering, and 3D bioprinting to mimic the intricate morphology and function of the in vivo animal tissues. Some of the demonstrations on cultured meat and leather-like materials present promising outlooks on the emerging field of in vitro production of animal products.
Highlights
Animal products are referred to as any product that is derived from animals
The accumulated knowledge and know-how for constructing 3D-shaped cell-laden tissue-mimicking in vivo tissue morphology and function can be used to create tissue-based animal products
To scale up the cell-laden tissue for animal products, structures such as blood vessels are required for supplying oxygen and nutrition which have not yet been achieved
Summary
Animal products are referred to as any product that is derived from animals. In the long history of human society, animal products have been utilized for a broad range of applications, from daily consumables such as meat, dairy products, leathers, to pharmaceutical products such as insulins for treating diabetes. We provide an overview of recent technological breakthroughs in the fabrication of tissue-based animal products such as cultured meat and leather-like materials. Both the form of animal products and the way of obtaining animal products have evolved along with advances in human societies. The recent developments in the fabrication of microtissues and their assembly methods such as spinning, cell layering, and 3D bioprinting methods have shown the potential to fabricate scaled-up tissue with complexity in structure The animal tissues such as skins, muscles, and organs have their unique function and structure. We introduce several assembly methods that can assemble into structures with high spatial resolution and multicompartmental characteristics
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