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Abstract
The aim of this study was to produce nanocomposite polymer fibres, consisting of a matrix of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and a reinforcing phase in the form of SiO2/TiO2/Bi2O3 nanoparticles, by electrospinning the solution. The effect of the nanoparticles and the electrospinning process parameters on the morphology and physical properties of the obtained composite nanofibres was then examined. The morphology of the fibres and the dispersion of nanoparticles in their volume were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). All of the physical properties, which included the band gap width, dielectric constant and refractive index, were tested and plotted against the concentration by weight of the used reinforcing phase, which was as follows: 0%, 4%, 8% and 12% for each type of nanoparticles. The width of the band gap was determined on the basis of the absorption spectra of radiation (UV–vis) and ellipsometry methods. Spectroscopic ellipsometry has been used in order to determine the dielectric constant, refractive index and the thickness of the obtained fibrous mats.
Highlights
Over the last decade, there has been a noticeable development of materials from the group of polymer nanocomposites (PNCs), which are a combination of a polymer matrix with inorganic or hybrid nanoparticles
The microscopic study for the analysis of TEM images of particles and the analysis of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the fibrous surface topography of the composite mats allowed us to determine the influence of the diameter of the applied ceramic nanoparticles on the structure and the morphology of the composite nanofibres, and the electrical as well as the optical properties derived from their division of the fibrous composite mats
Ellipsometry studies showed that the presence of ceramic nanoparticles in the fibres caused an increase in both the refractive index and the dielectric constant, compared to the values determined for polymer fibres without reinforcement
Summary
There has been a noticeable development of materials from the group of polymer nanocomposites (PNCs), which are a combination of a polymer matrix with inorganic or hybrid nanoparticles. Ganic materials at the nano-scale as reinforcement, there is a significant enhancement of properties with a much lower fraction of the reinforcing phase (≤10 wt %) compared to what is achievable using filler in the macroscale of the traditional composites. The used nanoparticles have a decisive effect on the properties of the produced composite. By selecting the type of reinforcing phase and its amount, optical, magnetic, mechanical, thermal and tribological design properties of the obtained composite materials can be controlled
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