Manufacture of solid soap based on crude papain enzyme and antioxidant from papaya

Abstract

The uncontrolled formation of free radical formation released to the air especially in the high urban area lead to resulting negative effect on the air quality. This condition is consequently made the human skin continuously contacts to those radicals and may cause a skin diseases. Therefore, one way to overcome this problem is to manufacture a soap formulation which provide a new function of its ingredient as radical scavenger or to keep the skin in health. Papain is a plant proteolytic enzyme for the cysteine protease enzyme which found naturally in papaya (Carica papaya) manufactured from the latex of raw papaya fruits. Proteolytic enzyme has a function which is able to break down organic molecules made of amino acids, known as polypeptides. In this research crude papain enzyme is developed into active ingredient of solid soap formulation with the antioxidant originated from fresh papaya to enhance the useful soap for human skin health. This study aims to produce a solid soap formula that is safe for the skin, meets the standard of SNI 1996 and tested the benefits in the addition of crude papain enzymes. The result showed that Formula IV is a formula soap that meets standard SNI 1996 and have highest antioxidant activity among other formulas indicated by the value of IC50 is 13,657 ppm. Compared soap with positive control (without enzymes) than negative control (with enzyme) has value of percentage dirt removal higher than positive control, it is 19% with measurement absorbance of wash water substrate and 32% measured by mass substrate after washed.