Manufacture of amorphous silicon and GaAs thin film solar cells: An identification of potential health and safety hazards

Abstract

Large-scale manufacturing of amorphous silicon and GaAs thin film photovoltaic cells may present potential health and safety hazards to workers and the public. These hazards were identified by examining process data, control technology availability, biomedical effects and environmental standards. Quantitative estimates of material inputs and outputs and of control costs for selected processes were made on the basis of preliminary engineering designs of hypothetical 10 MW p production facilities. Toxic byproducts of the deposition processes are likely to be produced in small quantities and can be controlled using available technology. The basic emission control options and the associated costs for selected processes and byproducts were examined. Explosive and flammable gases may present significant occupational safety hazards; gas handling systems will need to be carefully designed. Electrical and electromagnetic hazards from plasma generators will require close attention.