Abstract
The fabrication of interconnected pore-gradient metallic artificial implants mirroring bone structures with excellent mechanical properties is a significant challenge in biomedical applications. Utilizing selective laser melting (SLM) on stainless-steel 316 alloy, we generated four triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) structures, integrating TiB2 nanoparticles for cell size grading of diamond structure. The resulting nanocomposite improved the mechanical properties, including nano-hardness, ultimate compressive stress and Young's modulus, compared to plain stainless-steel. These enhancements were attributed to the uniform dispersion of TiB2 nanoparticles in both grain interior and boundaries, as well as the refinement of the matrix grain structure. The incorporation of TiB2 in the interconnected pore-gradient structure effectively matched the ultimate compressive stress (223 ± 17.3 MPa) to closely match that of human cortical bone (205 ± 17.3 MPa). This technique, therefore, appears capable of overcoming existing challenges in aligning the microstructures and mechanical properties of human bones.
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