Manufacture and Characterization Physical and Mechanical Properties of Bioveneer Based Ark Clam Shells Composite

Abstract

Composite materials have been created for the applications of dental veneer from a mixture of raw materials : hydroxyapatite (HAp) powder from ark clam shells and epoxy resins by cold compression method with variations of composition hydroxyapatite (HAp) powder : epoxy resin (75 : 25)%wt, (80 : 20)%wt, (85 : 15)%wt, (90 : 10)%wt, dan (95 : 5)%wt. Sampling is created in three steps. The first step of ark clam shells powder is treated by smoothing it with a particle size of 200 mesh and heated at 900oC for 2 hours after it had been synthesized into hydroxyapatite (HAp) powder. The second step of the filler (hydroxyapatite powder) is mixed with dry mixing and then mixed with epoxy resin as a matrix. The third step of the homogeneous mixture is then inserted into the mold and compacted by heat to be more dense with pressure of 300 MPa or 3 ton held for 5 minutes at 27°C. The characterization results showed that the optimum composition of hydroxyapatite powder: epoxy resin (75 : 25)%wt with density value 0,1185 x 103 kg/m3, water absorption 1,163%, composed of -PO4 (phosphate), -CO3 (carbonate) and HOH groups. Mechanical properties with fracture strength 116 MPa, tensile strength 66,12 MPa, modulus of elasticity 3297,99 MPa and brinell hardness 75,87 HBR whose characterization results have met the conventional dental veneer standards.