Manuel Murillo Toro (1816—1880) — Leader of the Colombian Radicals: a Historical Portrait

Abstract

Manuel Murillo Toro (1816—1880) belonged to the galaxy of prominent political figures of Colombia of the XIX century. Politician, statesman, journalist, economist, diplomat, parliamentarian, during the years of the “Radical Olympus” twice president of the country (1864—1866, 1872—1874). The leader of the radical wing of the Colombian liberals (golgots), who carried out cardinal political, economic and social transformations that went down in the history of the country as the revolution of the 1850s — XIX centuries. An implacable defender of democratic, liberal and civic values and freedoms. Murillo’s main political slogan is just peace and general prosperity. He is a supporter of republican forms of government based on the principles of federalism. His views were formed under the influence of philosophical, economic, political and utopian ideas that dominated world social thought at that time. He is the author and initiator of many important reforms and projects, such as the abolition of slavery and the death penalty, tax reform, separation of church and state, universal suffrage, the introduction of jury trials, freedom of the press, speech, the most radical project of agrarian reform and many others. His tolerance in matters of religion ensured him the respect of the Catholic clergy, his patriotic activities as head of state gave a powerful impetus to the material progress of the country, and adherence to the letter of the law and constitutional norms won the support and recognition of his associates. He did not leave behind monumental works, memoirs. The main views of Murillo are reflected in his articles decrees, messages to Congress and the government. In modern Colombian historiography, the life and work of this prominent Colombian politician continues to be the focus of attention of Colombian researchers. Without pretending to a comprehensive analysis, we will be the first in Russian Latin American studies to try to highlight the most important moments in the life and political activities of a prominent leader of radical liberalism.