Mantram repetition and psychological distress: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Researchers have examined several interventions for psychological distress, mindfulness being a popular one. One mindfulness intervention is mantram repetition. Mantram repetition is an ancient traditional practice of repeating a sacred word/phrase at various times throughout the day and whenever needed. To examine the evidence of the effect of mantram repetition on psychological distress (i.e., depression, anxiety and somatization). We searched 16 databases and retrieved 12 studies testing the effects of mantram repetition; only four of these measured aspects of psychological distress with comparison groups. All studies showed positive effects ranging from very mild (.08) to very strong (.71). The summary effect across all studies was small (.23, p=.015). Importantly, this small effect was found when compared to treatment as usual and even psychotherapy. The portable, cost-effective, mantram repetition intervention outperformed standard therapies. In patients who are prone to psychological distress, practitioners might teach this technique, encouraging them to use it initially as they go through their day and then when they are experiencing distress. Mantram repetition could be practiced with breathing exercises, when walking or exercising, or during chores, integrating the mantram into daily life.