MANP: a novel particulate guanylyl cyclase A receptor/cGMP activator for resistant hypertension: preliminary first in human clinical trial results

Abstract

MANP is a novel natriuretic peptide developed at the Mayo Clinic following its discovery from a familial frameshift mutation of the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) gene (NPPA) [1,2]. MANP possesses the 28 amino acid (AA) core structure of ANP with a novel 12 AA extended C-terminus resulting in a 40 AA peptide. MANP activates the particulate guanylyl cyclase A (pGC-A) receptor with equal potency to ANP and is highly resistant to degradation by neprilysin. In vivo, MANP has greater and longer lasting blood pressure (BP) lowering, natriuretic and aldosterone suppressing actions than ANP [3]. In animal models of hypertension, MANP potently reduces BP and enhances renal function while in experimental hypertensive heart failure, MANP has more potent renal and aldosterone suppressing actions than the cyclic guanylyl monophosphate (cGMP)-activating therapeutic agent nitroglycerin [4]. In vivo administered subcutaneously, MANP activates plasma cGMP 10-fold greater than ANP with a 4-fold greater half-life [3,4]. Based upon its potent cGMP mediated cardiorenal actions and studies which suggest that human hypertension may represent a relative natriuretic peptide deficiency state, MANP is being developed for treatment of severe resistant hypertension.