Manipulating Molecular Transport through Nanoporous Membranes by Control of Electrokinetic Flow: Effect of Surface Charge Density and Debye Length

Abstract

Molecular transport through nanoporous nuclear-track-etched membranes was investigated with fluorescent probes by manipulating applied electric field polarity, pore size, membrane surface functionality, pH, and the ionic strength. Three forces contribute to analyte transport through membranes: ion migration, electroosmosis, and diffusion. Diffusion dominates under field-free conditions with surface hydrophobicity controlling solvent access to the nanochannels and hence the magnitude of transport by diffusion. In low ionic strength solutions (μ ∼ 10 mM), electroosmosis dominates transport when the membranes are biased, and the charge state of the surface determines the direction of flow. At high ionic strength (μ ∼ 1 M), ion migration dominates in hydrophobic membranes, and diffusion is controlling in hydrophilic membranes. The magnitude and polarity of the interior surface charge is controlled by surface functionality and displays the largest impact on molecular transport. The analyte can migrate in oppo...