Manifold configurations of the director field formed by topological defects in free and confined geometry in smectic films.

Abstract

We study the topology of the c-director field near topological defects with point core and with a droplet in the core of the defect in nonpolar smectic-C and ferroelectric smectic-C* freestanding films using polarized optical microscopy. Free and confined geometry of topological defects and droplets with strong outer boundary condition are compared. The c-director field can be remarkably different around a point defect and a droplet with the same topological charge S=+1. In ferroelectric films, splay deformation of the c-director transforms into bend deformation after droplet nucleation. Heating a ferroelectric film with an S=+1 droplet leads to a dramatic change of the c-director topology from bend to splay. In confined geometry we found spiral structures in which the c-director has opposite direction of rotation along the inner and outer boundaries of the island. Our observations are discussed on the basis of theories taking into account both the influence of polarity and of confined geometry on elasticity and topology of the c-director field.