Manifestations ophtalmologiques de la granulomatose de Wegener. Revue de la littérature à propos d’une observation

Abstract

Wegener's granulomatosis mainly affects the upper respiratory tract, the lungs and the kidneys but many other organs and tissues may be affected, as well including any eye structures. Ocular and orbital structures involvement is frequently encountered, sometimes inaugural, with or without obvious systemic manifestations, sometimes leading to visual loss. The most frequent ophthalmic lesions are inflammatory orbital disease, (necrotising) scleritis with or without keratopathy, episcleritis, conjunctivitis and even conjunctival ulcer, nasolacrimal ducts obstruction, uveitis, retinal vasculitis and even central retinal vascular occlusion, optic neuritis. These ocular lesions result either from extensive granulomatous inflammation or from focal vasculitis. These complications need to be recognized as soon as possible so that an early diagnosis may allow the appropriate treatment meant to keep both visual and even general prognosis.