Abstract

This article describes the process and meaning of the reconstruction of Manguni, as the sacred bird in the old Minahasa religion which became a symbol of Gereja Masehi Injili in Minahasa (GMIM) in the context of colonialism. In particular, that thing to be discussed is the reconstruction of meaning, from Manguni as a mythological belief to Manguni as an ecclesiastical symbolic motive that carries a message of nationalism. Since the early of 20th century, the historical context and discourse of the Minahasa Christian intellectuals have been the subject of research to trace the development of Christian nationalism (in) Minahasa. In the context of GMIM, the interesting things are constituted as the dialogues and debates in colonial church forums, namely the Indische Kerk delivered by Christian leaders. This articles shows that, as a reaction to colonialism whic has changed many things predominantly in Christan Minahasa society, nationalism has grown and developed uniquely through discourse of community elites and church leaders. The expression of nationalism is through political and ecclesiastical path, which both of them use the legacy of religious tradition as tool of negotiation, namely the symbol of the institution with the motive of Manguni bird.

Highlights

  • Gereja Masehi Injili in Minahasa (GMIM) was established on September 30, 1934

  • When GMIM was established, the nationalism movement almost reached its peak in the Dutch of East Indies

  • Since 1870s, Protestant congregations founded by the Nederlandsch Zendeling Genootschap (NZG), a mission agency based in Rotterdam Netherlands, have been handed over to the Protestantsche Kerk in NederlandschIndie, a church that directly affiliated with the colonial government

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Summary

Introduction

Gereja Masehi Injili in Minahasa (GMIM) was established on September 30, 1934. Since it’s establishment, GMIM used the symbol that dominant with the motive of Manguni The interested thing of GMIM as a heritage church from the zendeling's evangelism is using the Manguni bird motive when it was established. Another thing that has apparently not been studied a lot is the political meaning of the use of the Manguni bird motive in relation to the negotiation of religious, ethnic, nationalism and colonialism identities. An indication that the idea of nationalism in the selection of the Manguni bird motive on the GMIM symbol in the early days is taken a long debate in the Kerkbestuur Indische Kerk regarding the separation of church and state, together with the insistence on the independence of local churches. GMIM, which founded in 1934, is part of this long debate

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